Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (1884 - 1948) - Russian philosopher, representative of Russian religious existentialism. Berdyaev survived two revolutions in Russia and two world wars. Berdyaev characterizes the modern era as a transitional one from an exhausted culture to a machine civilization, from a “new history” to a “new Middle Ages”. The author of the original concept of the philosophy of freedom Nikolai Berdyaev proposed his own, not losing relevance, vision of technical progress.