Language After the Human -A Distant Echo to Lars Gustafsson‘s ‘The Machines'

This essay explores the shifting relation between human language and machine-generated text in the age of generative artificial intelligence. Drawing on Lars Gustafsson’s notion of the «speechless machine» and Edward Morgan Forster’s prescient vision in The Machine Stops, it traces the transformation of machines from monumental, alien artifacts into intimate, linguistic counterparts embedded in everyday life. Yet their «speech» raises questions: Can machines truly speak when they lack need, will, and lived experience? What emerges is not language as expression, but probability condensed into form — text without provenance, without intention. Contrasted with Maria Montessori’s insight that language forms the child as a being-in-relation, machine language appears as communication without necessity, an answer without a question. At stake is not only authorship, but the erosion of resonance: when writing becomes generation, meaning risks dissolving into noise. Against this backdrop, the value of human writing re-emerges — not as efficient production, but as intentional, ethical, and relational practice. The essay argues that in the dialogue with machines, humans must reclaim responsibility: to decide what counts as speech, what carries meaning, and how language continues to shape a shared world.