Technology and Language

EDI RUS 1-10 J-9548-2017 57210142445 0000-0002-7956-4647 Department of Social Science, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Bylieva Daria

St. Petersburg, Russia

17344631600 0000-0002-2173-4084 Institut für Philosophie, Darmstadt Technical University Nordmann Alfred nordmann@phil.tu-darmstadt.de Technologies in a Multilingual World By way of introduction, the many relations are considered between technologies and languages in a multilingual world. The contemporary biotechnosphere is also a sphere where natural and technical languages intermingle. In particular, three questions will be considered, all three pertaining to the relation between the technological and the multilingual condition of modern life: To what extent does technology foster and create the multilingual condition? What do the competencies acquired for navigating under the multilingual condition tell us more generally about linguistic competence as a technical skill? How can technologies help us navigate and orient ourselves in a multilingual world? If languages are themselves fixtures of the world that afford orientation in our socio-technical environment and co-ordination among people, we will no longer absolutize our native language as a standard for proper understanding. We multilingually learn to technically orient ourselves and control our social and material world. 10.48417/technolang.2022.03.01 1:81`246.3 Technology Multilingualism Language of technology Multilingual world https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2022.8.1/ 1-10.pdf

RAR RUS 11-21 0000-0003-4736-9019 Darmstadt Technical University, Darmstadt, Germany Hufeisen 17344631600 0000-0002-2173-4084 Institut für Philosophie, Darmstadt Technical University Nordmann Alfred nordmann@phil.tu-darmstadt.de 0000-0001-7564-110X Technical University of Darmstadt Liu Arthur Wei-Kang

Darmstadt, Germany

Two Perspectives on the Multilingual Condition - Linguistics meets Philosophy of Technology Multilingualism as a (sub)-discipline of linguistics with special interest in language acquisition and didactics was established in the 1990s. As time moved on, the discipline of multilingualism evolved into an interdisciplinary field of research, but not yet including a philosophy of multilingualism. In this record of a conversation between linguist Britta Hufeisen and philosopher Alfred Nordmann, the concept of multilingualism is explored as well as its differences to monolingualism. This implies differences also between the philosophy of language and a philosophy of multilingualism. Upon closer scrutiny it becomes clear that multilingualism is not only about language acquisition anymore but about the ways in which individuals can make themselves understood and orient themselves in a multilingual environment which includes artificial languages. In this way, the notion of affordances comes to the fore as individuals are afforded by their environment the use different language skills in different situations. The same applies to technology: Technology always affords us to do something in a specific way, but at the same time, while using it, we discover other possible uses and thus assign new meanings to it. This is where the linguist and the philosophic view diverge: The former puts an emphasis on the use of language and the actual semantic meaning of words, whereas the latter analyzes language and technology primarily in terms of its use, therefore meaning becomes a product of use. Both stress, however, the importance of culture and context for meaning and use. 10.48417/technolang.2022.03.02 1:81`246.3 Multilingualism Affordances Dominant language constellations Translanguaging Ludwig Wittgenstein Larissa Aronin https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2022.8.2/ 11-21.pdf

RAR RUS 22-37 0000-0001-8312-3687 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Skripchenko Rostislav

St. Petersburg, Russia

0000-0003-3061-7290 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Burlakov Ivan

St. Petersburg, Russia

The Cat’s Meow - Feline Translations Modern trends of posthumanism are increasingly changing the relationship between humans, animals and machines. Technology can become an intermediary in the communication between people and pets. The possibility of using artificial intelligence without needing to recover the ontology and semantics of the feline language, allows one to use it for the „translation“ of cats‘ talk. A necessary condition for this is the presence of a language. As with other languages in the multilingual environment, testing the results is difficult, as one can only rely on circumstantial evidence to judge the correctness of the translation. Here, particular attention is paid to the work of the application that renders human speech into feline, as well as the effectiveness and reliability of, for example, MeowTalk to translate from feline into human language. To this end, 143 cats were studied aged 3 to 8 years, of which 30 were female. Of these 143 cats, 74% appeared to respond to the sounds generated by the app. During the experiment, the application translated the cats' meowing in different ways, for example, “I'm on the hunt,” “My love, I'm here,” and “Let me relax.” Inversely, the pets were interested in the sounds made by the app. This suggests that cats perceive these sounds as real cat “language.” As a result, it was concluded that the application is partly functional, but it remains an open question whether it can serve as a true translator from feline language. Nevertheless, there is reason to believe that technologies can become real intermediaries in the communication of people and animals. 10.48417/technolang.2022.03.03 81`246.3: 636.8 Feline language Cats‘ talk Cat translations Translation Animal Cat Language Human-cat https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2022.8.3/ 22-37.pdf

RAR RUS 38-57 0000-0002-1793-9191 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Lobatyuk Victoria

St. Petersburg, Russia

0000-0003-4389-0253 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Nam Tatiana

St. Petersburg, Russia

Everyday Problems of International Students in the Russian Language Environment The article aims to reveal the typical problems of international students in the Russian language environment. The authors analyzed essays in which students (N=89) voluntarily described examples of everyday language difficulties they encountered while studying and living in Russia. The article is devoted to the assessment of individual cases and examines the most common problems at three levels of the language environment scale: mega (city), meso (university) and micro (personal). The research showed that the most significant issues that require quick solutions arise in the mega-environment for students with a low level of language proficiency. Thus, moving around the city, shopping in stores, and even more so calling a taxi, going to a doctor, ordering services – these are the tasks of really high complexity for them. Language problems are usually resolved with the help of people around them, using English and/or technical means, and in extreme cases, some of them may be addressed to compatriots. As a rule, the University environment does not create problems that require urgent solutions, but insufficient knowledge of the language significantly complicates the learning process. In personal communication students most often use their native language, which helps to avoid stress, but hinders the rapid learning of a new language. 10.48417/technolang.2022.03.04 81`246.3 International students Russian Chinese Russia Language difficulties Language environment https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2022.8.4/ 38-57.pdf

RAR RUS 58-72 0000-0002-3525-8373 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Trofimov Vitaly

St. Petersburg, Russia

0000-0002-1179-5174 Erasmus University Rotterdam Levchuk Maria

Rotterdam, Netherlands

0000-0002-7421-0460 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Sergeeva Ksenia

St. Petersburg, Russia

Industrial Music, Noise, and the Sound of Machines The industrial revolution gave rise to many new, previously unheard sounds. The howling and grinding of machine tools, the rhythmic blows of jackhammers – all these sounds began to accompany everyday life for many people. Their life was filled with “machine sounds.” At this moment, „Industrial“ was born as a genre of music. Its main feature was that the musical instruments were replaced by the noises of factories and trains familiar to ordinary workers of that time – the sounds of the New Era. The resulting music carried a rebellious character, it was rather dynamic and rhythmic, allowing the composers and producers to show the progressiveness and variability of the world which manifested itself in the mechanization of production. After having fulfilled its initial function, Industrial music was initially forgotten, taken up by other, more contemporary musical genres, some sounds borrowed by electronic music. We analyze many compositions from the early days to contemporary Industrial music, here discussing as striking examples Psyche Rock, Strette, Third Reich from the Sun, considering also the mechanical sounds that form the basis of this genre: guillotine, mechanical press, lathe. Technical sounds in industrial works are not only a complementary part of the work, in some pieces they also occupy a dominant position. We also show that compositions of industrial music can cause completely different emotions. For example, compositions of the Noise style mainly evoke a sense of frustration, the inevitability of failure. Aggro Industrial inspires people to act, gives them a feeling of close victory. Deaf and distant sounds in Percussion Industrial induce a sense of alarm, confusion. We also trace the chronology of the appearance of certain mechanical sounds in music. So, in the earliest works, for example, performer use the sounds of a guillotine cutting metal. In other works one can hear radio or TV interference. One can also hear absolutely modern sound, familiar to all of us from contemporary technology, such as sounds of a microphone. 10.48417/technolang.2022.03.05 78.022:62 Industrial revolution Machine sound Industrial Mechanical sounds Noise Music https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2022.8.5/ 58-72.pdf

RAR RUS 73-87 0000-0001-9034-7689 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Krasnoshchekov Krasnoshchekov

St. Petersburg, Russia

0000-0003-1742-6406 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Semenova Natalia

St. Petersburg, Russia

On the Non-Universality in Mathematical Language The authors analyze examples of the manifestation of non-universality in mathematical language. The identified inconsistencies are due to both cultural differences between national mathematical schools and differences in approaches in different scientific schools, regardless of their cultural background. Currently, university teachers of math pay insufficient attention to analysis of inconsistencies. At the same time, the formation of students' competencies in this area will ensure their successful professional communication in international environment in future. Authors split the analysis results into four groups. The first group includes discrepancies in Russian and English concepts describing various mathematical categories. Knowledge of these inconsistencies greatly simplifies the professional communication of mathematicians in the international aspect. The second group includes differences in the designation of “nominal” mathematical objects in Russian, English, French and German. These discrepancies are not critical in intercultural communication, because the correspondence is easily established based on graphs and formulas. The authors form the third group of inconsistencies between Russian and English mathematical terminology arising due to cultural differences in the development of math sections in scientific schools in different countries. In this case, establishing correspondences requires a lot of effort, since there are no equivalents for a number of terms, while others differ due to differences in approaches to their justification. Accordingly, teachers should pay special attention to the formation of intercultural competencies of students in this area. Finally, the fourth group includes inconsistencies in the interpretation of some mathematical phenomena, both in Russian and in English, resulting from variations in the approaches of various scientific schools. The authors give two striking examples from Probability Theory. Students' awareness of these differences undoubtedly contributes to the development of their critical thinking and cognitive abilities in general. 10.48417/technolang.2022.03.06 51:81 Language of mathematics Intercultural communication Probability theory Mathematical statistics Terminology mismatch https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2022.8.6/ 73-87.pdf

RAR RUS 88-105 0000-0002-2962-6838 St. Petersburg University Balyshev Pavel

St. Petersburg, Russia

The Stages of Developing a Discourse-Oriented Virtual Learning Environment Model The article aims at describing the stages of developing a model of Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) for teaching English professionally-oriented discourse. To achieve this goal, the author systematizes the existing approaches to developing various distance learning models. As a result, the most extensive didactic approach to creating a VLE was detected and chosen for further adaptation to the discourse-oriented language instruction. Next, each stage of developing a VLE model was refined based on the key methodological implications of the discourse approach in Linguodidactics. Finally, the example of the Discourse-Oriented VLE (DO-VLE) model for training IT specialists in professionally-oriented English discourse is provided as the result of following the suggested VLE development stages. Thus, the study describes the discursive approach to developing a VLE and exemplifies this process by tackling specific IT discourse. In addition, the methodological approach to DO-VLE creation, lying within the synergetic scope of Digital Didactics and the discourse approach in Linguodidactics, can be applied in developing various distance learning activities. The scientific value of the study, therefore, consists in describing the stages of developing a DO-VLE as well as in outlining some theoretical grounds for a shift from VLE to DO-VLE concepts in Linguodidactics. 10.48417/technolang.2022.03.07 378.147.15 Virtual Learning Environment Professional Discourse English Discourse Teaching Distance Learning Discourse Approach https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2022.8.7/ 88-105.pdf

RAR RUS 106-117 0000-0002-1703-2119 Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University Krylov Eduard

30 let Pobedy 2, bld. 5, Izhevsk, 426069, Russia

0000-0002-1526-9921 St. Petersburg University Vasileva Polina

St. Petersburg, Russia

Convergence of Foreign Language and Engineering Education: Opportunities for Development Significant changes are taking place in the modern post-industrial world both in the technological sphere and in society. These changes require a review of the professional skills of future engineers. Critical thinking, well-developed communicative skills, creative approaches for professional problem solving, ability to independently set and solve production tasks and interdisciplinary research gained significance. The article analyzes the process of forming professional skills of future engineers to meet the requirements of modern society. Based on our working experience, creativity and critical thinking are quite difficult to form within the framework of teaching/learning one or more engineering disciplines. However, it can be facilitated by a closer interaction of the humanitarian and engineering disciplines in the tertiary educational environment. A blended teaching approach of integrating a foreign language into the engineering study is proposed. The foreign language contribution to stimulating critical thinking skills and maintaining learning motivation is crucial for future engineers’ training, which requires detailed consideration. The article highlights the importance of integrating the English language into a technical university curriculum based on the principle of problematization and verbalization of learning, using reflection exercises (reflection in action) and professional vocabulary acquisition. The authors present the results of professional vocabulary acquisition by students during the implementation of a pilot integrative course within one semester for international student competition training in the theory of mechanisms and machines. 10.48417/technolang.2022.03.08 372.862+372.881.1 ESP Engineering CLIL Cognitive Development Critical Thinking Motivation https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2022.8.8/ 106-117.pdf

RAR RUS 119-130 University of Santo Tomas Tan Alvin

Manila, Philippines

Consensus without Consent For a critique of media technologies this paper aims to utilize the Propaganda Model (PM) from the first chapter of the book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media (1988) which centers on the hegemonic role and power of media in the political process. A synoptic review of the model and more recent scholarship along similar lines affords a revitalization of Herman and Chomsky‘s radical critique. Their project seeks to reveal that democratic practice is merely staged, since public participation, critical discourse and economic decisions are already filtered by the media. In particular, the PM highlights the dichotomous nature of media, and it predicts their persuasive performance and effects. Media communication technology tends to colonize and monopolize our economic power, and it reshapes continually the legitimizing practices and effects of democracy. Consent as a democratic quality is staged and engineered by elites and corporate owners. Modern democracy, therefore, is merely manufactured. Thus, media should be evaluated and rechecked as a social and political apparatus, even as an institution of power, which whenever left unchecked may cause some rupture in the democratic landscape. 10.48417/technolang.2022.03.09 32.019.5 Propaganda Model Media Consent Hegemony Modern Democracy Political process https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2022.8.9/ 119-130.pdf