75447 2712-9934 4 4 13 2023 1-126

EDI RUS 1-6 0000-0002-0729-6698 Pyatigorsk State University Baryshnikov Pavel

Pyatigorsk, Russia

Language, Mind, and Computation in the Metaphors of Cognitive Science Is the meaning of the text accessible to machine learning algorithms? With the success of computer science, such questions are turning from philosophical into scientific and theoretical. Mind, behavior, and the machine have been conceptualized differently at different times and in different research programs. This concerns questions of intelligence, technology, and language: what is consciousness, can it be artificially reproduced? What is language from the point of view of information theory and data models? Can a language be expressive without the problem of the relationship between ontology and semantics? How significant are the common characteristics of brains and computers? And do such characteristics exist, or is computationalism in cognitive science just the result of scientific metaphor creation? The authors of this issue of the journal Technology and Language answer these questions from various disciplinary positions. What do computer metaphors in cognitive research point to: the properties of the objects being studied or the properties of the methods? This is the key question that inspired this issue which is dedicated to the history of the development of computer methods in cognitive science and the role of metaphor in this process. The main theme is the relationship between computer technology and the theory of knowledge which is expressed through metaphorical vocabularies of philosophical and scientific discourse. The authors explore questions about the nature of consciousness, the relationship between mind and body, free will, and the possibility of understanding human activity in terms of machine intelligence. These topics are relevant today due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the need to understand its impact on society. This issue is suitable for specialists in the field of cognitive science, philosophy, history of science, as well as well as for anyone interested in the interaction of technology and human consciousness. 10.48417/technolang.2023.04.01 1:004.81 Computer metaphor Cognitive science Computational methodology Language usage https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.13.1/ 1-6.pdf

RAR RUS 7-21 0000-0002-0729-6698 Pyatigorsk State University Baryshnikov Pavel

Pyatigorsk, Russia

Body and Mind through the Lens of Mechanistic Metaphors: The History of Semantic Aberrations The mechanistic profile of the computer metaphor of consciousness has special attractive properties. The history of the formation of mechanistic explanations of the nature of the mind indicates a deep relationship between the methods of the epistemology and the level of development of engineering and technical knowledge of a particular era. The semantic transfer of the properties of mechanisms or machine computers to the idea of the structure of the body and the principles of the mind indicates figurative universals that have been preserved in the computer metaphor of recent times. Despite the rapid growth of knowledge and technology in the field of computer science, the computational approach to explaining the nature of mind and consciousness continues to retain archaic mechanistic features. At the first stage of the discussion, I turn to the key question of the reasons and cultural context for the transformation of the expression “The body is a machine (mechanism)” into the expression “The mind is a machine (mechanism).” Due to its technological efficiency, the ideology of mechanicism formed in European cognitive culture the logical principle of transferring bodily properties to mental properties, despite the obvious contradictions. This paper provides a detailed analysis of these contradictions. The paper goes on to substantiate the connecting link between the psychophysical problem of consciousness and the reduction of mathematical functions to computational procedures implemented through physical machine calculation has become a connecting link in the psychophysical problem of consciousness. From a mechanistic point of view, a computing machine began to represent a motor and comparative model of the work of thinking. The final part examines the further evolution of computationalism and the correlation of the methods of this approach with discoveries in the field of computer science. The reasons for the “stability” of the mechanistic vocabulary in modern cognitive sciences are identified. 10.48417/technolang.2023.04.02 1:004 Computer metaphor Mechanicism Computational theory of consciousness History of computing Functionalism https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.13.2/ 7-21.pdf

RAR RUS 22-33 0000-0002-3728-256 Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I.Nosova, Pesina Svetlana

Magnitogosk, Russia

Anthropomorphic Metaphors as a Cognitive Model for the Conventionalization of Thought The ability to think metaphorically inanthropomorphic domains served as a stimulus to look for ways of decoding such metaphors. The article presents a three-level classification of metaphors based on the degree of difficulty of their decoding. The typology is based on types of intelligence: flexible and crystallized. It includes non-figurative, basic intuitive, extended associative and nested multi-stage metaphors. The proposed approach allows one to discover the fundamental principles of the formation of linguistic meanings. The empirical invariant-component analysis of the polysemous substantive “a head” is presented from the standpoint of the anthropomorphic approach. By means of metaphor-clustering and the attendant reduction of the obtained semantic components the lexical invariant of this word is revealed. By considering similar analyses, it is concluded that the invariant-cluster approach is helpful in disclosing the way polysemous words are mapped in the lexicon. It is shown that anthropomorphic metaphors are interconnected by means of dominant invariant components which are formed over time in the individual's cognitive niche as a result of anthropomorphic thinking. They consolidate the semantics of polysemous words. As a result, the advantage of the invariant approach in describing the semantics of anthropomorphic metaphors can be demonstrated in comparison with the traditional one. It is concluded that the constant emergence of new anthropomorphic metaphors is carried out within the framework of invariant components. The conceptual processes and language use cannot be viewed and studied in isolation from human embodiment. 10.48417/technolang.2023.04.03 802.0 – 561.8 Cognitive science Anthropomorphic metaphors Polysemous word Semantic structure of the word Semantics Meaning https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.13.3/ 22-33.pdf

RAR RUS 34-45 Saratov State Law Academy Nevvazhay Igor

Saratov

The Problem of Measurement in Quantum Physics and the Description of Consciousness The problem of measurement in quantum physics is interesting because it demonstrated the need to “include” consciousness in the measurement process as a kind of being. John von Neumann showed that the measurement process in which the wave function is reduced cannot be described as a purely physical process and requires the introduction of the subject's consciousness for its description. In the history of physics many physical concepts of measurement were proposed, but it is still not possible to integrate consciousness into the structure of measuring experience. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the problem of measurement in quantum physics is not to find a description of the reduction of the wave function as a physical process, but to find a way to describe the activity of consciousness in the measurement process and the “influence” of consciousness on the physical world. The analysis of the measurement procedure as a physical process shows that the observer appears in the reasoning process when it is necessary to draw a line between the observed and the observer. Wherever we draw this line, it is necessary to fix the fact that something is perceived, that is, realized by the observer. The problem of measurement contains a philosophical problem, which is to describe the act of the emergence, the birth of consciousness. The theme of the emerging consciousness refers us to the Kantian theory of the transcendental subject whose being is characterized by unconditionality, non-objecthood, spontaneity. Most of all, an action which in psychology is called a habit fits these characteristics. Habits are diverse, but in order to describe spontaneous acts of the transcendental Self, the result of which is the emergence of consciousness, I propose to consider semiotic action- It consists in the fact that the perceived object must be expressed by replacing it with another sign, or the object must mean something to us, that is, indicate something that other is the meaning. The semiotic tendency to consider everything either as a sign that has some meaning, or as a value that requires a designation, triggers consciousness. The transcendental approach treats conditions of possibility of knowledge, and the first among such conditions is putting borders between observer and observed by means of semiosis. Another important result of this paper is that in every scientific theory there must be some fictions that do not correspond to any real objects, but their existence is justified by the semiotic relations between physical objects in their theoretical presentation. 10.48417/technolang.2023.04.04 11:001 Quantum physics Measurement Consciousness Semiotic of Cognition https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.13.4/ 34-45.pdf

RAR RUS 46-57 0009-0006-6905-4244 Siberian Federal University Kolovskaia Anna

Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Ilin Andrew

St. Petersburg, Russia

Ontology of Artificial Intelligence as a Field of Engineering A major point of interest and fascination in our contemporary world is to include artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in resource turnover based on the development of multidisciplinary (convergent) scientific areas combining engineering and cognitive sciences. Such areas as philosophy and linguistics occupy an important place as a tool for creating metatheories, as well as inclusive AI pedagogy requiring special pedagogical tools and other approaches to learning that are based on the principles of biomimetics. Convergence is necessary in terms of the interaction between technical and social systems. Computational and cognitive models of consciousness, language, intellectual and cognitive functions from the standpoint of the philosophy of science and technology are actively developing modern fields of knowledge. The effectiveness and quality of intelligent technical systems (ITS) is determined by cognitive technologies. Developments of hardware and software and applied (meta) materials lead to an increase in resilience and durability, reliability, and fault tolerance. Convergence raises the issue of the nomenclature of existing specialties and the need to introduce the qualification of an “ontology engineer” who should solve the problems of functional integrity in emerging systems engineering. In systems engineering the conceptual design for the life cycle of artificial objects is currently inspired by classical metaphysics. In real practice, when implementing the life cycle of ITS, postmodern presumptions appear giving rise to problems of irreducibility and incompleteness of languages describing various models (paradigms). This approach requires an ontology engineer as a new profession. 10.48417/technolang.2023.04.05 1:004.8 Ontology of artificial intelligence Ontology engineering Language of science Metaphors https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.13.5/ 46-57.pdf

RAR RUS 58-74 Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis Kuskova Svetlana

Moscow, Russia

On the Phenomenological Foundation of the Information Model of Consciousness The paper is devoted to the philosophical foundations of the information model of consciousness. David Dubrovsky's theory of consciousness overcomes the dilemma of dualism and monism in explanations of mental phenomena. They are not an epiphenomenon of the physical, but a necessary information process conditioned by the relation of informational causality. The one relation between heterogeneous entities that does not involve materialistic criticism is not an empirical but the semiotic relation of a sign, meaning and information The syntactic characteristics of the sign provide information about the structure of the denotation and reveal the structure of thought about it. Charles Sanders Peirce’s doctrine of signs explains the internal logical relations between mental phenomena, their connection with the structure of objective and subjective reality. Peirce's non-Cartesian phenomenology considers mental phenomena without separating perspectives from the first and third person, it does not postulate the necessary existence of the thinking Self and physical objects. Mental processes – thoughts, sensations, volitions – are not only designated by other elementary thoughts, but also have a symbolic nature themselves. Peirce's mental phenomenon is an abstraction, a sign of a sign. We do not have a precisely detailed sensory image of the object, we do not photograph it, but schematize it. We remember the general properties rather than the specific details of the phenomenon. Modern neuroscientific data confirm the existence of a physical mechanism, the function of which is the abstraction and construction of the discrete content of sensation. Dubrovsky considers elementary sensation as a product of selective activity. The informational approach to consciousness does not entail a certain materialistic or idealistic ontology but takes into account objective semantic connections of phenomena, independent of their nature. 10.48417/technolang.2023.04.06 003:004.81 Non-Cartesian phenomenology Sign Informational model of consciousness Informational causality Thought Mental phenomena Existential graphs Ideal entity https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.13.6/ 58-74.pdf

RAR RUS 75-88 National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, I.Kant Baltic Federal University Tulchinskii Grigorii Subjectivity as Problem and Focal Point for Interdisciplinarity In modern science, two simultaneous, parallel trends are evident. Firstly, this is differentiation, divergence, and disciplinary fencing. This tendency is institutionalized in the editorial boards of scientific journals, the process of peer-review, and the selection of topics and papers for conferences. Another example of this trend is the work of dissertations committees.  Secondly, there is a reverse-directed real process of integration, even convergence or synthesis of scientific knowledge. This second trend is expressed in interdisciplinary research, conceptions, and approaches. Most often, the second trend is associated with the possibilities of practical application, with technological development, with the solution of real practical problems. Tracing this trend allows us to identify larger-scale processes of focusing knowledge, deep methodological foundations for interdisciplinary synthesis, and further development of scientific knowledge. This article attempts to demonstrate the interdisciplinary role of operationalizing the problem of subjectivity. This conclusion is grounded in an analysis of such different conceptual areas as philosophy of action, practices of meaning-making and semiosis, digital communication technologies. Subjectivity appears as agency which is capable of exhibiting intentionality, literally as a universal pragma-semantic interface that allows one to change, combine, and expand contexts of comprehension. In fact, subjectivity brings together the many disciplines topics into one focus (assemblage point): philosophy (transcendental subject, free will, analytical and continental traditions), anthropology (including post- and transhumanism), psychology (psycho-physical problem, phenomenon of will), neurophysiology of the brain, cognitive science, theory and developments of artificial intelligence, economics, sociology, morality, ethics and law, theology, political theory and practice. The analysis carried out shows the prospect of a “bridge” between natural science, logic, and mathematics sciences on the one hand, and humanities on the other. Subjectivity is the main source of procreative pre-adaptation, which ensured and ensures the development of human civilization. Digital technologies and digital formats are radically transforming modern civilization. This situation gives rise to a request for the development of criteria for the expertise of sociocultural engineering, the central point of which is the problem of subjectivity. 10.48417/technolang.2023.04.07 007 Communication Responsibility Action Freedom Semiosis Subjectivity Digitalization https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.13.7/ 75-88.pdf

RAR RUS 90-103 China Academy of Art Tsai Rhett

Hangzhou, China

Binocular Dissociation in Ethnographic Narratives of VR Art This paper is a study of binocular dissociation that targets ethnography in the narratives of VR art. While most virtual reality head-mounted displays today use binocular vision systems, this paper proposes to use the anti-stereopsis tradition of binocular dissociation to create VR works. It begins with one of the earliest experiments with binocular vision by Wheatstone. To demonstrate the pertinence of such an experiment, a case study illustrates the idea of binocular rivalry in VR. The other case, created by the author, focuses on the simulation of the “land-sickness” of the Tanka people, a marginal ethnic group living mostly in boats on the waters of China. The practice in this case uses binocular dissociation to induce binocular rivalry or even disorientation in the viewers in order to produce an ethnographic VR effect that is based in the experience of the Tanka people. The fundamental purpose of this paper is to discuss technological life and cultural contexts through media experiments, and it regards the Tanka people as a representation of the current cultural contexts of technological art: The dichotomy between “water people” and “land people” embodied by this ethnic group and the “land-sickness” caused by the uncomfortable shifting between sea and land spaces becomes a poignant metaphor. The visual experiments with devices for binocular vision not only act as analogues for the ethnographic pictures of the Tanka people. They also create illustrative links between technological life and cultural identity. 10.48417/technolang.2023.04.08 003:004.946 VR art New media art Binocular vision Binocular dissociation Practice-based research https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.13.8/ 90-103.pdf

RAR RUS 104-125 Zhejiang Conservatory of Music Shen Jiajun

Hangzhou, China

China Academy of Art Zheng Jing

Hangzhou, China

Mixed Reality as a Technology for Immersive Stage Space Construction In the immersive theater, the innovation of stage design is one of the reasons for the great success of the performance.  Stage design is to bring ordinary materials to the stage and redefine them through artistic creation, so that the audience can have a new aesthetic experience. Traditional theater stage design uses material materials to create a realistic space. With the development of technology in the digital age, the concept of “Mixed Reality” has been extended to stage design, allowing it to get rid of relying only on material materials. Mixed reality technology plays a significant role in the digital technology field by seamlessly integrating computer-generated virtual objects and scenes into the real world to create unique visual experiences. This paper proposes a heterotopia stage space construction technology based on Mixed Reality. It aims to study how to put virtual information into the real world by way of Mixed Reality in order to make dancers interact with a real virtual space. Then, taking as an example the dance drama Deep Weather – designed and produced by the author – this paper introduces the application of Mixed Reality technology in immersive theater, and focuses on the function and operation principle of the technology module. Finally, it summarizes a set of design principles of immersive theater construction technology based on Mixed Reality, including surprise, connecting physical space, aesthetics, facilitating actions, iteration and extension, and technicality 10.48417/technolang.2023.04.09 7:004 Stage Design Immersive Theater Mixed Reality Mixed Reality Technology Mixed Reality Art Design Principles Digital Aesthetics https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.13.9/ 104-125.pdf