75447 2712-9934 4 1 10 2023 1-165

RAR RUS 1-16 0000-0002-2554-064X University of Padua Grigenti Fabio

Padua, Italy

0000-0001-6490-2706 University of Padua, Padua, Italy Gentili Andrea Techniques of Presence: A Way to Interpret Technoscience Starting from Ernesto De Martino’s Theory of Magic Ernesto de Martino developed in the 1940s a theory of magic on philosophical grounds, while engaging a critical dialogue with the anthropology of his time. The central category of his study is that of the “crisis of presence”. Through it, the magical is interpreted as a historical response to an existential and permanent predicament of the human condition. The role of the shaman and the ritual are interpreted in an original way as countermovements against the risk of losing one's individual consistency (presence). Magic, from this perspective, reveals itself not to be primarily a way of dominating the natural world and making it function according to our needs and desires. While it does not lose this operative character, it proves to be initially born out of an inner condition of existential crisis. The purpose of this paper is to delineate the De Martino’s theory of the relationship to magic and to trace its connection to modern technosciences.  regarding the underlying need to which they respond and the way in which its procedures are conducted: In magical thinking there is no intention of developing a description of the world, instead a willingness to dominate its irregularities. Magic operates through recomposing human presence when it is threatened by forces outside its dominion. In our hypothesis, magicians appear as a kind of techno-scientists who succeed in obtaining a representation of the world only insofar as their interventions prove effective on it. 10.48417/technolang.2023.01.01 130.2:62 Ernesto De Martino Magic Technoscience Anthropology Presence Technology and Magic https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.10.1/ 1-16.pdf

RAR RUS 17-30 0009-0003-9910-7907 South China University of Technology Wu Guolin

381 Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou

South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China Hu Mian Hermeneutical Analysis of Scientific Experiments Scientific experiment provides important practical content of contemporary science, and the practical understanding of scientific experiment constitutes an important topic of contemporary philosophy of science. The practical understanding of scientific experiment calls for the clarification of the connotation and significance of scientific experiment from the perspective of hermeneutics. And the hermeneutics of scientific experiment requires both practical and textual hermeneutic. The scientific author's intention and the nature of the experimental object determine the hermeneutic meaning of the scientific experiment. The experimenter is both the author and the reader of the experimental text, and the experimenter realizes the identity of the author's original intention and the meaning of the text. Experimental text is not a fixed text, but a text completed in the process of practice. Experimental text has a dual nature which is the unity of scientific text and technical text. The hermeneutical field of scientific experiment is the fusion of theoretical and experimental horizons, which is embodied in the fusion of experimenter's horizon and laboratory context horizons, as well as the fusion of scientific and technical horizons. The hermeneutics of scientific experiments requires both scientific and technical hermeneutics, which is a unification of scientific and technical hermeneutics. The textual hermeneutics of scientific experiments offers some new ways of understanding universal knowledge and experiments having multiple lives of their own.   10.48417/technolang.2023.01.02 801.73:001 Scientific experiment Textual hermeneutics Scientific text Technical text Horizon https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.10.2/ 17-30.pdf

RAR RUS 31-39 South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China Luo Dong Understanding and Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics Taking Heisenberg’s and Schrödinger’s theories of quantum mechanics as his case study, De Regt’s contextual theory of understanding argues that recognizing qualitatively characteristic consequences of a theory T without performing exact calculations is a criterion for scientific understanding. From the perspective of this theory of understanding, the task of understanding quantum mechanics seems to have been achieved already or even finished. This appears to disagree with some physicists’ attitude to the understanding of quantum mechanics in line with Richard Feynman’s famous slogan that “I think I can safely say that nobody really understands quantum mechanics.” Moreover, if the task of understanding of quantum mechanics has been finished already, there would be a conflict between the context theory of understanding of quantum mechanics and interpretations of quantum mechanics. This paper shows that de Regt’s theory of scientific understanding and interpretations of quantum mechanics conflict either on scientific understanding or on the understanding of quantum mechanics. It explores various avenues for dissolving that tension but none appears plausible. One suggestion is that quantum mechanics is understandable but that it does not provide understanding of quantum phenomena. Equally problematic is the proposal that the notion of understanding has changed since the time of Heisenberg: Though he was equipped with the right theory, he did not understand quantum phenomena whereas today one does? The review of these and other options remains at a productive impasse.  10.48417/technolang.2023.01.03 801.73:001 Understanding and Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.10.3/ 31-39.pdf

RAR RUS 40-59 Hochschule Darmstadt, Dieburg, Germany Pranz Sebastian Unfolding Actor-Network Theory: What Bruno Latour’s Notion of Folded Space Could Learn From Origami A skilled Origami folder can create sophisticated three-dimensional figures from a simple square of paper. Regardless of its complexity, a folded figure can be transformed into its original form: Once it is unfolded, a network of creases appears, representing the two-dimensional blueprint of the figure. The fascinating geometry of paper folding has not only attracted the attention of scholarly fields like robotics or microengineering – it also has deep roots in a contemporary debate on Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and digital connectivity. Here, the metaphor of the fold is used to analyze the hidden connections between seemingly distinguishable phenomena. When folding is performed, flat network structures collapse into envelopes that are smaller in size yet more complex in terms of the number of enveloped nodes. Interestingly, there’s no connection between the metaphorical conceptualization of the fold and the actual process of folding paper. This article draws on the formal language developed by Origami science to enrich further the understanding of folding in ANT. In addition, I will show how Latour’s idea of topographic relations can be better understood by folding actual paper prototypes that can be pushed and pulled to comprehend how the action is distributed through a network of creases.  10.48417/technolang.2023.01.04 303 Actor-Network Theory Folding Algorithms Origami https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.10.4/ 40-59.pdf

RAR RUS 60-74 0000-0002-7486-9812 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia Khaibullova Maria 0000-0003-1486-2085 Kozina Anna Gaming Slang: The Influence of Video Games on the Russian language Computer games are of vast importance. They are both a part of a modern human life and an extensive source of linguistic production. What the article analyzes is specifically the formation of gaming community slang. The aim of the research is a comprehensive study of the origin and formation of new words used by people in the gaming field. Particular attention is paid to the specific aspects of linguistic production in the Russian speaking gaming community. In the context of this work, the data was collected on players' online communication platforms and via interviews with experienced gamers. Altogether 2340 slang words were analyzed. The goal was to trace the origin of new words in the Russian-speaking gaming environment. Given that English is the predominant language in gaming communities, some of the words got into Russian slang via transcription or transliteration. However, borrowing is just one out of many ways of word formation. Another significant phenomenon is the “interlingual homonymy” of words from different languages. The traditional way of forming words according to existing models (lexical derivation) occurs in the game world according to an affixal model (in the form of abbreviation or truncation). Often gaming slang is formed by transferring the name to a new object – i.e. semantic derivation, which can be built on the basis of a metaphor, a joke, or by transferring a proper name into a common noun. The most popular way is the metaphorical transfer of meaning by way of similarity with a game object. However, there are more complex options related to the semantic associations among gaming terms. 10.48417/technolang.2023.01.05 81'373.43:004 Gaming slang Computer games Gamers Lexical derivation Semantic derivation https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.10.5/ 60-74.pdf

RAR RUS 75-92 0000-0003-0377-9454 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Serpikova Polina

Polytechnicheskaya, 29

A Socio-Technical Inquiry into the Olbanian Language The article aims to analyze some of the main features of the Olbanian language which became popular on the Russian Web during the period of the 2000’s, when the Internet had already become a relevant means of communication and it was necessary to transmit a maximum of information using a minimum of time. It was online communication that spawned the trend of mass language distortion to minimize the intellectual expenses required for writing. This was the main reason why the Olbanian words and expressions was widely recognized by Internet users. In the article authors trace the history of the Olbanian language and draw the causal relationship between the Olbanian language and the specifics of the era which spawned it. This is considered not only as a linguistic phenomenon but also as a peculiar sign of the time and one of the direction in which the regular Russian language started to change and adapt. As a result of the study of Olbanian as a linguistic phenomenon, the authors conducted a linguistic analysis of Olbanian words and expressions, which revealed such features of word formation as: frequent use of double letters, replacement of a sound with a corresponding one, transliteration of foreign words, acronyms of set expressions, merged spelling of phrases, reverse transliteration. Situations will be pointed out in which well-established Olbanian are used. It will be addressed that the distortion of the literary language occurs in other countries as well (in such online languages as English LOLspeak and German Vong-Sprache). After reviewing the examples of literary works in Olbanian, the article will conclude by arguing that they can be attributed to an entertaining genre, which is clearly relevant due to people’s attempts to move away from the established linguistic structure and rules of the literary language.   10.48417/technolang.2023.01.06 81`42:004 Olbanian Slang Pandokaff Language Internet Spelling https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.10.6/ 75-92.pdf

RAR RUS 93-110 0000-0003-4854-0199 Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Mirzaei Sadegh Conflation of Technology and Language: A Cognitive Artifact We use concepts to make distinctions. Blurring these distinctions results in conflations. So, they are commonly seen as vicious. The claim here is that, by contrast, conflations are virtuous because they can do cognitive work. They enrich our conceptual resources. It is not conflation per se that is destructive but the lack of evaluation. Committing a conflation requires two cognitive acts at once. First, keeping things together and, second, appreciating the gap between them. Conflation thus has a family resemblance with notions like analogy and metaphor. Despite their apparent difference, a shared trait is recognizable in this family: the simultaneous maintenance of similarity and difference. This is not a bug, but a feature. The cognitive work is done because of it not despite of it. Consequently, we should evaluate conflations not by appealing to their being conflations per se, but by appealing to what they have done and can do according to our cognitive goals and our cognitive and cultural resources. Throughout history, many have conflated technology and language—most notably Socrates who conflates tools and names. A recent conflation is the case of „computer languages.“ I exhibit the virtuous cognitive work of this conflation in at least three respects: the historical development of computers, their real-time workings, and the incommensurability between computer and human language. 10.48417/technolang.2023.01.07 130.2: 004 Conflation Analogy Metaphor Computer language Incommensurability Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.10.7/ 93-110.pdf

RAR RUS 111-131 0009-0005-1387-4385 Darmstadt Technical University Borchert-Wright Lisa Marianne

Darmstadt, Germany

Computer Programs and Musical Compositions as Technical Artifacts - Ontological Parallels This article compares tonal music and computer programs on a level of technicity, their linguistic properties, and their ontology. Referring to Raymond Turner’s concept of a technical artifact, both artifacts are technical in the sense that they were created with intention by someone at a certain time. Computer programs as well as music come in physical notes, a symbolic composition, and a physical manifestation when being run or respectively played. They share important properties and similarities in their modes of usage. This investigation presents the parallels between computer programs and tonal music regarding compositionality and normativity. Incorporating Wittgenstein’s approach to music as well as the works of Tim Horton and Hanne Appelqvist, the quasi-linguisticness of music and the consequences of this will be shown. Music as well as natural languages and programming languages are composed in a rule-governed way and form meaning through the syntactical combination of context-independent constituent parts. Using Raymond Turner’s perspective on technical artifacts both are portrayed as such. The result of this ontological investigation is that they show certain parallels in their genesis as well as in the ways they are handled. We will therefore claim, that their ontological status may also exhibit parallels. Hence, the investigation of one of the two may contribute to gaining knowledge about the other’s ontological status. 10.48417/technolang.2023.01.08 130.2: 004 Computational Artifacts Music Ontology Technical Artifacts Wittgenstein Turner Grammar Semantics https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.10.8/ 111-131.pdf

RAR RUS 132-145 0000-0002-7740-6768 Darmstadt Technical University Pezzica Leon

Darmstadt, Germany

Deep Technogrammar: A Wittgensteinian Approach Towards a Philosophy of Technology This paper compares two conceptions of a grammatical analysis of technology (technogrammar) based on a Wittgensteinian analysis of language. The first theory, syntactical technogrammar, proposed by Alfred Nordmann by mainly drawing on the Tractatus, only concerns syntactical rules of composition. The second one, deep technogrammar, introduced by Mark Coeckelbergh and based on the later work of Wittgenstein, adds to this the dimension of depth which describes less transparent transcendent rules which account for the social embeddedness of the meaning of words as well as things. The two approaches are parallelised with two interpretations of what Wittgenstein means by grammar, one reducing it to occasion-insensitive surface-level rules and the other one accounting for a new dimension of grammar introduced in the Philosophical Investigations. Furthermore, the notion of depth is problematised as it evokes a metaphysical feeling. It is shown that depth grammar needs to be considered as transcendental, but not transcendent as its rules are constituted by concrete social practice. The implicit character of rules concerning depth grammar naturally arises from the problem of rule-following. It is concluded that surface technogrammar fails to properly describe certain aspects of technology due to its rules being occasion-insensitive. Deep technogrammar, therefore, is deemed to be more capable of constituting a philosophy of technology. 10.48417/technolang.2023.01.09 130.2:62 Philosophy of technology Wittgenstein Depth grammar https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.10.9/ 132-145.pdf

RAR RUS 146-164 0000-0003-0081-0604 Peter the Great Polytechnic University Dashkina Alexandra

St. Petersburg, Russia

0000-0002-0573-0980 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Rubtsova Nam

St. Petersburg, Russia

Teaching Students to Communicate in a Foreign Language through Teamwork on Virtual Communication Platforms The article describes the advantages of organizing students’ collaborative language practice sessions on virtual communication platforms and the results of the research which was aimed at identifying whether teamwork was more conducive to improving monologue or dialogue speech skills than each student’s autonomous work. To this end, we conducted an experiment during the epidemic of COVID-19, in which all the participants were to analyze the quotations, following the scheme which was offered in the additional textbook. The exposure groups were given a home assignment to analyze the quotations in the form of monologues in the course of working in teams on a virtual communication platform. In class, they were asked discussion-generating questions, and they made dialogues in pairs to answer them. The students in the reference groups did the same home and classroom assignments individually. At the end of the experiment, the students were asked to prepare final monologues and dialogues related to one of the topics studied in the course of the experiment. The difference between the scores they got for the final and diagnostic monologues and dialogues was much higher in the exposure groups than in the reference ones because teamwork was mutually enriching for all the members of the small groups: their members contributed to each other’s level of foreign-language proficiency by exchanging ideas, sharing their knowledge of grammar and vocabulary, correcting their partners’ mistakes and encouraging them to use new words, phrases and grammatical structures. The experiment allowed us to make an additional conclusion: the scores for the monologues increased in both the reference and exposure groups to a greater extent than the scores for the dialogues. Since the scores for the diagnostic dialogues were higher than those for the diagnostic monologues, the scope of improvement for the monologues was greater than that for the dialogues. The results of the research indicate that teamwork on virtual communication platforms is an indispensable tool which can be used in EFL classroom to teach the students to communicate in a foreign language.   10.48417/technolang.2023.01.10 378.147: 004.738 Dialogues and monologues Quotations Foreign-language proficiency Grammar and vocabulary Virtual communication platforms Collaborative learning Teamwork https://soctech.spbstu.ru/article/2023.10.10/ 146-164.pdf